The IP rating indicates a light fixture's level of protection against objects, dust and water. In IP44, IP54 or IP65, the first digit describes protection against solids and the second against liquids.
A portable lamp is not automatically suitable for outdoor use. It must state an IP rating and conditions of use compatible with where it will be installed.
How to read an IP rating
IP stands for Ingress Protection. It is followed by two numbers:
- First digit: protection against solid objects and dust.
- Second digit: protection against water.
For example, in IP65, the 6 refers to dust protection and the 5 to water protection.
What the first digit means
| Digit | Indicative protection |
|---|---|
| 4 | Against objects larger than 1 mm |
| 5 | Protected against dust; a limited amount may enter without affecting operation |
| 6 | Completely dust-tight |
What the second digit means
| Digit | Indicative protection |
|---|---|
| 4 | Water splashes from different directions |
| 5 | Water jets |
| 6 | Powerful water jets |
These ratings do not mean that the light fixture can be submerged. Protection against immersion uses higher levels and specific test conditions.
What IP44 protects against
IP44 provides protection against small objects and splashes. It is common in light fixtures for covered outdoor areas or certain bathroom areas, always subject to applicable regulations and installation zones.
It should not be interpreted as resistance to continuous heavy rain, water jets or immersion.
What IP54 protects against
IP54 adds protection against dust while maintaining resistance to splashes. It can be suitable for some covered terraces, porches or spaces with airborne dust, depending on the product instructions.
What IP65 protects against
IP65 is dust-tight and resists water jets. It is a common rating for more exposed outdoor lighting, although the installation, connectors and power supply must also be suitable.
What IP rating do I need outdoors?
It depends on the exposure:
- Dry indoor areas: a high IP rating may not be required.
- Covered outdoor areas: at minimum, protection against splashes is often considered.
- Exposed outdoor areas: an appropriate level of protection against rain and dust is required.
- Near a swimming pool: specific products and criteria are required; do not assume that IP65 is suitable for every location.
What IP rating do I need in a bathroom?
Bathrooms are divided into zones according to their proximity to a shower or bathtub. The rating and installation must comply with the applicable electrical regulations. Consult a qualified installer when choosing the product and its location.
IP ratings and portable lamps
An integrated battery does not provide protection against water. If a lamp does not state an IP rating, use it only under the conditions specified by the manufacturer. Valma Home's Honoka and Tomoshibi portable lamps are recommended for indoor use.
See our guide to buying a portable lamp before choosing.
An IP rating does not guarantee everything
Other factors also matter:
- Correct installation.
- Condition of seals and covers.
- Protection of the charging port.
- Ambient temperature.
- Exposure to sunlight.
- Corrosion and salty environments.
- Compatibility of the plug and power adapter.
Frequently asked questions
Can IP44 get wet?
It resists splashes under the test conditions, but it must not be submerged or exposed to powerful water jets.
Is IP65 submersible?
No. IP65 protects against dust and water jets, not immersion.
Can an indoor lamp be taken onto a terrace?
Only temporarily in dry conditions if the manufacturer allows it. Do not leave it exposed to humidity, dew or rain.
Does a USB-C port maintain the same IP rating?
It depends on whether it is protected by a cover and how the product has been certified. Follow the manufacturer's instructions.
Before using a lamp in an area exposed to moisture, always check the specifications of each model. You can view our portable lamps to check their recommended use.